Essential HTML Cheatsheet: A Quick Guide to HTML Tags, Lists, Tables, and Forms”
Sample program
<!-- Sample program -->
<!DOCTYPE html>
<html>
<head>
<title>Hello World!</title>
</head>
<body>
<h1>Hello World! </h1>
<p> Good Morning!! </p>
</body>
</html><!DOCTYPE html>> : Specifies document type, here it is an HTML5 document<html>: root element of an HTML page<head>: Contains meta information about the HTML page<title>: Specifies a title for the HTML page to display<body>: body of the html document which contains headings, paragraphs, images, hyperlinks, tables, lists, etc.<h1>: defines Large heading<p>: defines Paragraph</body>: represents end of body</html>: represents end of html<!-- comment -->: comments
HTML Tags
| HTML Tags | Description | Example |
|---|---|---|
<h1..h6>Headers </h1..h6> | <h1>, <h2>, <h3>, <h4>, <h5>, <h6> are the heading tags, where <h1> is most important heading and <h6> is least important heading. | <h1>MY FIRST BLOG</h1> |
<div>..</div> | <div> is used to wrap a block of code as a single block | <div> Block of code </div> |
<span> … </span> | Used to inject inline elements, like an image, icon etc without disturbing the formatting of the page. | <span> icon image </span> |
<p> … </p> | Contains plain text like a paragraph | <p> multi line text </p> |
<br/> | line break, used to write a new line. | <br/> |
<hr/> | Similar to line break, additionally draws a horizontal bar to indicate the end of the section | <hr/> |
<meta/> | Used to provide meta data information like description of the web page | <meta charset="utf-8"/> |
<a>..</a> | Used to link external webpages to your web page | <a href="https://onecompiler.com/" target="_blank"> OneCompiler</a> |
<img /> | Used to insert an image | <img src="/sample.jpg" alt="sample image" width="100" height="50" longdesc="image" /> |
<pre/> | Text in a pre elementis displayed in a fixed-width font, and it preservesboth spaces and line breaks | <pre> int i = 0; </pre> |
<audio> | It is used to embed sound content in the document. | <audio controls> <source src="demo.mp3" type="audio/mpeg"> </audio> |
<video> | It is used to embed video in the webpage. | <video width="480" height="320" controls> <source src="demo_move.mp4" type="video/mp4"> </video> |
<source> | Defines multiple media resources for media elements | <source media="(min-width:650px)" srcset="img_pink_flowers.jpg"> |
<svg> | SVG is used to define vector-based graphics for the Web | <svg width="100" height="100"><circle cx="50" cy="50" r="40" stroke="green"/> </svg> |
<iframe> | It is used to specifies an inline frame. | <iframe src=" https://onecompiler.com/" title="iframe element"></iframe> |
<progress> | It represents the completion progress of a task. | <progress id="file" value="32" max="100"> 32% </progress> |
<address> | It defines contact information for the author/owner of a document. | <address> You can contact us at: 123 Somewhere St. City, State</address> |
HTML formatting
| Formatting Elements | Description |
|---|---|
<i>..</i> | Italic |
<u>..</u> | Underline |
<b>..</b> | Bold |
<strong>..</strong> | Important text |
<em>..</em> | Emphasized text |
<mark>..</mark> | Marked text |
<small>..</small> | Smaller text |
<del>..</del> | Deleted text |
<ins>..</ins> | Inserted text |
<sub>..</sub> | Subscript text |
<sup>..</sup> | Superscript text |
<big>..</big> | Larger text |
<kbd>..</kbd> | keyboard input text |
<bdo>..</bdo> | bidirectional override text |
Tables
<table> tag is used to create a table and <tr> tag is used to create table rows and <td> tag is used to create data cells.
<table border = "1">
<tr>
<td>Row 1, Col 1</td>
<td>Row 1, Col 2</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>Row 2, Col 1</td>
<td>Row 2, Col 2</td>
</tr>
</table>Lists
1. Ordered Lists
Numbering the list items
<ol type = "1"> <!-- Numeric numbering, default case-->
<ol type = "I"> <!-- Uppercase roman numerals-->
<ol type = "i"> <!-- Lowercase roman numerals-->
<ol type = "A"> <!-- Uppercase letters-->
<ol type = "a"> <!-- Lowercase letters--> <ol type = "1">
<li>list item 1</li>
<li>list item 2</li>
<li>list item 3</li>
</ol>2. Unordered Lists
List items are displayed using bullets
<ul type = "disc"> <!-- default case-->
<ul type = "square">
<ul type = "circle">
```
```html
<ul type= "circle">
<li>list item 1</li>
<li>list item 2</li>
<li>list item 3</li>
</ul>3. Definition Lists
List the entries like in a dictionary or encyclopedia.
<dl>: Start of the definition list<dt>: Term<dd>: Term definition</dl>: End of the definition list
<dl>
<dt><b>OL</b></dt>
<dd>Ordered Lists</dd>
<dt><b>UL</b></dt>
<dd>Unordered Lists</dd>
<dt><b>DL</b></dt>
<dd>Definition Lists</dd>
</dl>Forms
<form> element is used to define a form.
<form>
<!--form elements like input select etc-->
</form><input> element
| Type | Description |
|---|---|
<input type="text"> | To define a single-line text input field |
<input type="number"> | To define a single-line number input field |
<input type="password"> | To define a single-line password input field |
<input type="radio"> | To define a radio button |
<input type="submit"> | To define a submit button |
<input type = "checkbox"> | To define a checkbox |
<input type = "file"> | To define a file upload box |
<input type = "range"> | To define a range slider control |
<input type = "color"> | To define a color picker interface |
<input type = "reset"> | To define a reset button |
<input type = "email"> | To define a single-line email input field |
<input type = "datetime-local"> | To define a single-line Date and time input field |
<input type="tel"> | To define a telephone number. |
<input type="url"> | To define a URL address. |
<input type="week"> | To define a selection of week & year. |
<input type="image"> | To take image format as an input. |
<form >
ID : <input type = "text" name = "user-id" /> <br> <!-- Single line text input-->
Password: <input type = "password" name = "password" /> <br> <!-- Single line password input-->
</form>HTML 5 Semantic Tags
Semantic tags are used to make the code easier to write and understand for the developer as well as instructs the browser on how to treat them.
| HTML Tags | Description | Example |
|---|---|---|
<article></article> | It contains independent content which doesnt require any other context. | <article>Hey, I'm an article tag!</article> |
<aside></aside> | It is used to place content in a sidebar i.e. aside the existing content. It is related to surrounding content. | <aside>Hey, I'm an aside tag!</aside> |
<details></details> | It defines additional details that the user can hide or view. It basically acts as an accordians space. | <details>Code Block</details> |
<summary> … </summary> | It defines a visible heading for a “details” element. It acts as an accordian | <details> <summary> Hi, I'm a summary tag! </summary> </details> |
<header></header> | It is for the header of a section introductory of a page. There can be multiple headers on a page. | <header>Hi, I'm a header tag!</header> |
<footer></footer> | Located at the bottom of any article or document, they can contain contact details, copyright information etc. There can be multiple footers on a page. | <footer>Hi, I'm a footer tag!</footer> |
<main></main> | It defines the main content of the document. | <main>Hi, I'm a main tag!</main> |
<nav></nav> | It defines the navigation bar of the document. | <nav>Hi, I'm a nav tag!</nav> |
HTML Lazy Loading
<img loading="lazy" src="url-or-directory.png" alt="lazy-load-images" />Useful HTML Character Entities
| Character | Description | Name | Unicode | |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Blank Space | |   | ||
| < | Less than | < | < | |
| > | Greater than | > | > | |
| & | Ampersand | & | & | |
| “ | Double quotation mark | " | " | |
| ‘ | Single quotation mark | ' | ' | |
| ~ | Tilde | ˜ | – | |
| % | Percent | % | % | |
| ₹ | Indian Rupee | ₹ | ₹ | |
| $ | Dollar | $ | $ | |
| ¢ | Cent | ¢ | ¢ | |
| £ | Pound | £ | £ | |
| ¥ | Yen | ¥ | ¥ | |
| € | Euro | € | € | |
| © | Copyright | © | © | |
| ® | Registered | ® | ® | |
| ™ | Trademark | ™ | ™ |
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